By: Jillian Lach
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
About 30 million people in the United States suffer from some type of eating disorder, and Anorexia Nervosa is no exception. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder where people restrict eating, over exercise, and obsess about their weight (usually to lower it). People will usually throw up their food, control their calorie intake (eat very little which can be dangerous when not giving your body the needed nutrients), and over-exercise. Although there can be biological and psychological causes of anorexia, the constant pressures of society is the main reason people may develop this disorder. It is more likely for girls to develop it, specifically girls ranging from 13 years old to 20 years old. Development of this disease is extremely dangerous, since it can lead to life-threatening complications, such as anemia, kidney problems, and heart problems.
Symptoms
How do you know if someone is or might be suffering from Anorexia Nervosa? It comes in all shapes and sizes, meaning that even if someone isn’t extremely skinny, they can still be suffering from anorexia if they are severely underweight for their height, have bad eating habits, and extensive extracurricular activities. There are many symptoms of anorexia, some being changes in mood, the body, and behavior. Someone might be struggling with this if they are constantly dehydrated, dizzy, have dry hair, are experiencing hair loss or extreme weight loss. They often have low blood pressure, or are cold all the time. Symptoms concerning behavioral and emotional changes can be restrictive eating, feeling anxious or guilty, exercising excessively, and even self-induced vomiting to get rid of food. Some signs of these symptoms could be if someone frequently skips meals, denies hunger, repeats measuring and weighing of the body, wears layered clothing, or lies about their food intake. All of these symptoms can be extremely dangerous and it is important for victims to get professional help.
Causes and Effects
What are some causes and effects of this disorder? Oddly enough, environmental factors are the most common cause. Environments that are known to emphasize the importance of being thin and focus on restrictive, dangerous diets and unhealthy amounts of exercise are very negative and can cause one to develop an eating disorder, as they want to follow societal norms. They want to be what society portrays as normal and be like the models that we all see on television. Other causes may stem from genetics and psychological issues.
Treatment
If one is suffering from anorexia, they can get help from professionals such as therapists, dietitians, and mental health professionals. For severe danger, one may need hospitalization to prevent heart failure or any more vital damage to the organs. They may even need a nasogastric tube, which is a feeding tube that allows the body to be nourished while in recovery. One will usually need medical care to monitor hydration and electrolyte levels. To restore a healthy weight, they will need guidance by medical professionals, often including follow up therapy, a psychologist (who can help one learn behavioral strategies), a dietitian (to come up with healthy nutritional goals), and a doctor who can provide care throughout this process and make sure that one is healthy.
Summary
In conclusion, anorexia is a horrific eating disorder that can not only cause changes in behavior and emotions, but can also cause severe complications in one's body. If you notice that a family member or friend is struggling with it, try to be a safe space for them and help them get the help they need before it is too late. It is helpful to donate to organizations that help victims and spread awareness on what anorexia is and what the causes and effects of it are, as it is becoming increasingly common in teenagers who are struggling with their body image and mental health. Remember - support is always available.
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